Is there a stronger willingness to pay for photovoltaic power generation with high education in China?

Adoption of clean electric energy depends not only on administrative regulations, but also on public support, in particular, the public is willing to pay for environmental improvements. However, the increase of solar photovoltaic power generation willingness to pay (WTP) associated with higher education attainment and the identification of their causality has been missing. Present paper used the enactment of the Compulsory Schooling Law as an instrumental variable to solve the causal relationship between education and willingness to pay for photovoltaic power generation. The results are as follows:Heckman two-stage model and instrumental variable both confirmed that higher education has a positive impact on WTP for solar photovoltaic power generation. For each level of public education in the east, the WTP of photovoltaic power generation will increase by 7.540 CNY, 8.343 CNY and 8.343 CNY respectively, the central public will increase by 9.637 CNY, 10.775 CNY and 11.758 CNY, and the western public will increase by 12.723 CNY, 15.740 CNY and 17.993 CNY respectively. The positive influence of education level is smaller among the people who know the ladder price better, but it is bigger among the people who are male, older than 45 years old, healthier, higher income and stronger awareness of safe electricity use. The total socio-economic value of photovoltaic power generation is significantly different in eastern, central and western region China.

AIE/AEE tripodal PEGyl-melphalan supramolecules and detection of trinitrophenol in water.

Herein, the design of a novel aggregation-induced emission (AIE) supramolecular fluorescence sensor (TA-PEGn) based on a tridentate melphalan derivative and three different molecular weight PEGs is presented. The three TA-PEGn sensors could self-assemble into a supramolecular system in water and show sensitive and selective responses toward trinitrophenol.

Functionalization of seawater reverse osmosis membrane with quorum sensing inhibitor to regulate microbial community and mitigate membrane biofouling.

Membrane biofouling is a challenge to be solved for the stable operation of the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membrane. This study explored the regulation mechanism of quorum sensing (QS) inhibition on microbial community composition and population-level behaviors in seawater desalination membrane biofouling. A novel antibiofouling SWRO membrane (MA_m) by incorporating one of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs), methyl anthranilate (MA) was prepared. It exhibited enhanced anti-biofouling performance than the exogenous addition of QSIs, showing long-term stability and alleviating 22 % decrease in membrane flux compared with the virgin membrane. The results observed that dominant bacteria Epsilon- and Gamma-proteobacteria (Shewanella, Olleya, Colwellia, and Arcobacter), which are significantly related to (P ≤ 0.01) the metabolic products (i.e., polysaccharides, proteins and eDNA), are reduced by over 80 % on the MA_m membrane. Additionally, the introduction of MA has a more significant impact on the QS signal-sensing pathway through binding to the active site of the transmembrane sensor receptor. It effectively reduces the abundance of genes encoding QS and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) (exopolysaccharides (i.e., galE and nagB) and amino acids (i.e., ilvE, metH, phhA, and serB)) by up to 50 % and 30 %, respectively, resulting in a reduction of EPS by more than 50 %, thereby limiting the biofilm formation on the QSI-modified membrane. This study provides novel insights into the potential of QSIs to control consortial biofilm formation in practical SWRO applications.

A two dimensional Co(OH)2 catalytic gravity-driven membrane for water purification: a green and facile fabrication strategy and excellent water decontamination performance.

Cobalt-based materials are reported to be the most efficient catalysts in sulfate radical advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs). A green and facile method was developed in this work to prepare uniform Co(OH)2 hexagonal nanosheets, which was void of any organic solvents via mere ambient temperature stirring. The obtained nanosheets were assembled into a catalytic gravity-driven membrane, through which the removal efficiency of a typical pharmaceutical contaminant, ranitidine (RNTD), could reach ∼100% within 20 min. Meanwhile, the catalytic membrane also demonstrated effective removal performance towards various pollutants. In order to augment the long-term stability of catalytic membranes, Co(OH)2/rGO composites were fabricated using the same strategy, and a Co(OH)2/rGO catalytic membrane was prepared correspondingly. The Co(OH)2/rGO membrane could maintain a ∼100% removal of RNTD over a constant reaction period lasting for up to 165 hours, which was approximately 11 times that of the sole Co(OH)2 membrane (15 h). Analysis of element chemical states, metal ion concentration in filtrates, and quenching experiments suggested that the combination with rGO could promote the electron transfer to accelerate the Co(II) regeneration, restrain the cobalt dissolution to alleviate the active site loss, and contribute to the production of 1O2via synergistic effects of oxygen-containing groups in rGO. Toxicity assessment was performed on RNTD and its degradation intermediates to confirm the reduction in ecotoxicity of the treated feed. Overall, this work not only offered guidance for the application of nanosheets in AOP membranes, but also had implications for the environmentally-friendly preparation protocol to obtain functional metal hydroxides.

Tildrakizumab for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Chinese patients: A 12-week randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial with long-term extension.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for effective and safe therapies for psoriasis that provide sustained benefits. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of tildrakizumab, an anti-interleukin-23p19 monoclonal antibody, for treating moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Chinese patients. METHODS: In this multi-center, double-blind, phase III trial, patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive subcutaneous tildrakizumab 100 mg or placebo at weeks 0 and 4. Patients initially assigned to placebo were switched to receive tildrakizumab at weeks 12, 16, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Patients in the tildrakizumab group continued with tildrakizumab at week 16, and every 12 weeks until week 52. The primary endpoint was the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) response rate at week 12. RESULTS: At week 12, tildrakizumab demonstrated significantly higher PASI 75 response rates (66.4% [73/110] vs. 12.7% [14/110]; difference, 51.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 40.72, 62.13]; P <0.001) and Physician's Global Assessment (60.9% [67/110] vs. 10.0% [11/110]; difference, 49.1% [95% CI, 38.64, 59.62]; P <0.001) compared to placebo. PASI 75 response continued to improve over time in both tildrakizumab and placebo-switching to tildrakizumab groups, reaching maximal efficacy after 28 weeks 86.8% [92/106] vs. 82.4% [89/108] and maintained up to 52 weeks 91.3% [95/104] vs. 87.4% [90/103]. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild and not related to tildrakizumab. CONCLUSION: Tildrakizumab demonstrated durable efficacy through week 52 and was well tolerated in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05108766.

MI-DenseCFNet: deep learning-based multimodal diagnosis models for Aureus and Aspergillus pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: To build and merge a diagnostic model called multi-input DenseNet fused with clinical features (MI-DenseCFNet) for discriminating between Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia (SAP) and Aspergillus pneumonia (ASP) and to evaluate the significant correlation of each clinical feature in determining these two types of pneumonia using a random forest dichotomous diagnosis model. This will enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in distinguishing between SAP and ASP. METHODS: In this study, 60 patients with clinically confirmed SAP and ASP, who were admitted to four large tertiary hospitals in Kunming, China, were included. Thoracic high-resolution CT lung windows of all patients were extracted from the picture archiving and communication system, and the corresponding clinical data of each patient were collected. RESULTS: The MI-DenseCFNet diagnosis model demonstrates an internal validation set with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92. Its external validation set demonstrates an AUC of 0.83. The model requires only 10.24s to generate a categorical diagnosis and produce results from 20 cases of data. Compared with high-, mid-, and low-ranking radiologists, the model achieves accuracies of 78% vs. 75% vs. 60% vs. 40%. Eleven significant clinical features were screened by the random forest dichotomous diagnosis model. CONCLUSION: The MI-DenseCFNet multimodal diagnosis model can effectively diagnose SAP and ASP, and its diagnostic performance significantly exceeds that of junior radiologists. The 11 important clinical features were screened in the constructed random forest dichotomous diagnostic model, providing a reference for clinicians. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: MI-DenseCFNet could provide diagnostic assistance for primary hospitals that do not have advanced radiologists, enabling patients with suspected infections like Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia or Aspergillus pneumonia to receive a quicker diagnosis and cut down on the abuse of antibiotics. KEY POINTS: • MI-DenseCFNet combines deep learning neural networks with crucial clinical features to discern between Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia and Aspergillus pneumonia. • The comprehensive group had an area under the curve of 0.92, surpassing the proficiency of junior radiologists. • This model can enhance a primary radiologist's diagnostic capacity.

Overcoming the permeability-selectivity challenge in water purification using two-dimensional cobalt-functionalized vermiculite membrane.

Clean water and sanitation are major global challenges highlighted by the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Water treatment using energy-efficient membrane technologies is one of the most promising solutions. Despite decades of research, the membrane permeability-selectivity trade-off remains the major challenge for synthetic membranes. To overcome this challenge, here we develop a two-dimensional cobalt-functionalized vermiculite membrane (Co@VMT), which innovatively combines the properties of membrane filtration and nanoconfinement catalysis. The Co@VMT membrane demonstrates a high water permeance of 122.4 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the VMT membrane (1.1 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1). Moreover, the Co@VMT membrane is applied as a nanofluidic advanced oxidation process platform to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for degradation of several organic pollutants (dyes, pharmaceuticals, and phenols) and shows excellent degradation performance (~100%) and stability (for over 107 h) even in real-world water matrices. Importantly, safe and non-toxic effluent water quality is ensured by the Co@VMT membrane/PMS system without brine, which is totally different from the molecular sieving-based VMT membrane with the concentrated pollutants remaining in the brine. This work can serve as a generic design blueprint for the development of diverse nanofluidic catalytic membranes to overcome the persistent membrane permeability-selectivity issue in water purification.

Genetic Polymorphisms of rs9949644 in MAPK4 Are Associated with Clinical Response to Methotrexate in Patients with Psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the relationship of MAPK4 genetic variants with the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) in psoriasis patients. METHODS: Patients treated with MTX were classified as responders or nonresponders if the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) at week 12 was reduced to greater than 75% or lower than 75%, respectively. The genotypes of 14 MAPK4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 310 patients were analyzed. The expression levels of MAPK4 protein were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Only rs9949644 polymorphisms were associated with the efficacy after adjusting for the confounding factors. Patients with the rs9949644 AG or GG genotype had a better clinical response compared to patients with the AA genotype. Rs9949644 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the PASI improvement rate. Besides, the protein level of MAPK4, positively associated with the psoriasis severity, was higher in patients. There were no significant differences of MAPK4 protein levels among the three groups. While after treatment, MAPK4 levels in the AG or GG group showed a significantly down-regulated trend. CONCLUSION: By demonstrating the significant association of MAPK4 with the efficacy of MTX, this study indicates that MAPK4 may be involved in the psoriasis progression and act as a predictor of therapeutic response.

Music training affects listeners' processing of different types of accentuation information: Evidence from ERPs.

Previous studies found that prolonged musical training can promote language processing, but few studies have examined whether and how musical training affects the processing of accentuation in spoken language. In this study, a vocabulary detection task was conducted, with Chinese single sentences as materials, to investigate how musicians and non-musicians process corrective accent and information accent in the sentence-middle and sentence-final positions. In the sentence-middle position, results of the cluster-based permutation t-tests showed significant differences in the 574-714 ms time window for the control group. In the sentence-final position, the cluster-based permutation t-tests revealed significant differences in the 612-810 ms time window for the music group and in the 616-812 ms time window for the control group. These significant positive effects were induced by the processing of information accent relative to that of corrective accent. These results suggest that both groups were able to distinguish corrective accent from information accent, but they processed the two accent types differently in the sentence-middle position. These findings show that musical training has a cross-domain effect on spoken language processing and that the accent position also affects its processing.

Appropriate livestock grazing alleviates the loss of plant diversity and maintains community resistance in alpine meadows.

Alpine meadows constitute one of the major ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, with livestock grazing exerting a considerable impact on their biodiversity. However, the degree to which plant diversity influences community stability under different grazing intensities remains unclear in this region. This study conducted controlled grazing experiments across four levels of grazing intensity (no-, low-, medium-, and high-grazing) based on herbage utilization rate to assess the influence of grazing intensities on plant community structure and diversity-stability relationships. We discovered that high-grazing reduced plant diversity and attenuated the temporal stability and resistance of above-ground biomass. No- and low-grazing could alleviate plant biomass loss, with community resistance being optimal under low-grazing. The direct effects of livestock grazing on temporal stability were found to be negligible. Plant characteristics and diversity accounted for a substantial proportion of livestock grazing effects on community resistance (R2 = 0.46), as revealed by piecewise structural equation model analysis. The presence of plant diversity enhances the resistance of alpine meadows against disturbance and accelerates the recovery after grazing. Our results suggest that low-grazing intensity may represent a judicious option for preserving species diversity and community stability on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Ultrasound image segmentation based on Transformer and U-Net with joint loss.

Background: Ultrasound image segmentation is challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and poor quality of ultrasound images. With deep learning advancements, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used for ultrasound image segmentation. However, due to the intrinsic locality of convolutional operations and the varying shapes of segmentation objects, segmentation methods based on CNNs still face challenges with accuracy and generalization. In addition, Transformer is a network architecture with self-attention mechanisms that performs well in the field of computer vision. Based on the characteristics of Transformer and CNNs, we propose a hybrid architecture based on Transformer and U-Net with joint loss for ultrasound image segmentation, referred to as TU-Net. Methods: TU-Net is based on the encoder-decoder architecture and includes encoder, parallel attention mechanism and decoder modules. The encoder module is responsible for reducing dimensions and capturing different levels of feature information from ultrasound images; the parallel attention mechanism is responsible for capturing global and multiscale local feature information; and the decoder module is responsible for gradually recovering dimensions and delineating the boundaries of the segmentation target. Additionally, we adopt joint loss to optimize learning and improve segmentation accuracy. We use experiments on datasets of two types of ultrasound images to verify the proposed architecture. We use the Dice scores, precision, recall, Hausdorff distance (HD) and average symmetric surface distance (ASD) as evaluation metrics for segmentation performance. Results: For the brachia plexus and fetal head ultrasound image datasets, TU-Net achieves mean Dice scores of 79.59% and 97.94%; precisions of 81.25% and 98.18%; recalls of 80.19% and 97.72%; HDs (mm) of 12.44 and 6.93; and ASDs (mm) of 4.29 and 2.97, respectively. Compared with those of the other six segmentation algorithms, the mean values of TU-Net increased by approximately 3.41%, 2.62%, 3.74%, 36.40% and 31.96% for the Dice score, precision, recall, HD and ASD, respectively.

LWR-Net: Robust and Lightweight Place Recognition Network for Noisy and Low-Density Point Clouds.

Point cloud-based retrieval for place recognition is essential in robotic applications like autonomous driving or simultaneous localization and mapping. However, this remains challenging in complex real-world scenes. Existing methods are sensitive to noisy, low-density point clouds and require extensive storage and computation, posing limitations for hardware-limited scenarios. To overcome these challenges, we propose LWR-Net, a lightweight place recognition network for efficient and robust point cloud retrieval in noisy, low-density conditions. Our approach incorporates a fast dilated sampling and grouping module with a residual MLP structure to learn geometric features from local neighborhoods. We also introduce a lightweight attentional weighting module to enhance global feature representation. By utilizing the Generalized Mean pooling structure, we aggregated the global descriptor for point cloud retrieval. We validated LWR-Net's efficiency and robustness on the Oxford robotcar dataset and three in-house datasets. The results demonstrate that our method efficiently and accurately retrieves matching scenes while being more robust to variations in point density and noise intensity. LWR-Net achieves state-of-the-art accuracy and robustness with a lightweight model size of 0.4M parameters. These efficiency, robustness, and lightweight advantages make our network highly suitable for robotic applications relying on point cloud-based place recognition.

Comparison and subsets analysis of peripheral CD4+T cells in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a disease that transformed from psoriasis (PsO), and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Overactivation of the immune system is a key factor driving inflammatory diseases. Our goal is to define the unbalanced subsets of peripheral blood CD4 +T cells between PsO and PsA patients. Blood samples from 43 patients (23 PsA and 20 PsO) and 36 healthy donors (HD) were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated from blood and underwent fluorescent staining to assess CD4+T cell subsets by flow cytometry. We found that frequencies of various CD4+T cells including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tfh were higher in the patients with PsO or PsA than those of healthy donors, indicating the general expansion of CD4+T cells in inflammatory conditions. More importantly, we observed the significant imbalance of Th1/Th2 between patients with PsO and PsA. Pearson correlation analysis showed that Th1/Th2 ratio was positively correlated with disease activity in psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA), Tfh/Tfr ratio was positively correlated with DAPSA score and visual analogue scale (VAS) score in PsA patients. Together, our results highlight the CD4+T cell changes in the transition from PsO to PsA, may contribute to early assessment and intervention.

Effects of High Pharmaceutical Concentrations in Domestic Wastewater on Membrane Bioreactor Treatment Systems: Performance and Microbial Community.

Despite pharmaceuticals being widely detected in water-bodies worldwide, what remain unclear are the effects of high pharmaceutical concentrations on the treatment efficiency of biological wastewater treatment processes, such as membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems. This study investigated the efficiency of MBR technology in the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing a mixture of five typical pharmaceuticals (ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethylthiadiazole, carbamazepine and naproxen) with a total concentration of 500 µg/L. Both the control MBR (MBRc) without pharmaceutical dosing and the MBR operated with high influent pharmaceutical concentrations (MBRe) were operated under room temperature with the same hydraulic retention time of 11 h and the same sludge retention time of 30 d. The removal efficiency rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 83.2% vs. 90.1% and 72.6% vs. 57.8% in the MBRc vs. MBRe systems, and both MBRs achieved >98% removal of organics for a 180-day period. The floc size decreased, and membrane fouling became more severe in the MBRe system. Microbial diversity increased in the MBRe system and the relative abundances of functional microbe differed between the two MBRs. Furthermore, the total relative abundances of genes involved in glycolysis, assimilating nitrate reduction and nitrification processes increased in the MBRe system, which could account for the higher organics and nitrogen removal performance. This work provides insights for MBR operation in wastewater treatment with high pharmaceutical concentrations.

Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in Chinese population with psoriasis: A multicenter study conducted by experienced rheumatologists.

BACKGROUND: Reports on the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) among Chinese patients with psoriasis are very limited. This study, conducted by rheumatologists, estimated the prevalence of PsA in a large number of Chinese patients with psoriasis. METHODS: Consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of psoriasis attending nine dermatology clinics in five hospitals were recruited. All psoriasis patients were asked to complete a questionnaire comprising 16 questions to identify possible cases of PsA. All patients with one or more positive answers to the questionnaire were evaluated by two experienced rheumatologists. RESULTS: A total of 2434 psoriasis patients, including 1561 males and 873 females, were enrolled. Both the questionnaire and rheumatologists' examinations were completed in the dermatology clinics. The results identified 252 patients with PsA, comprising 168 males and 84 females. The overall prevalence of PsA among psoriasis patients was 10.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 9.1%-11.7%). By sex, the prevalence was 10.8% (95% CI, 9.2%-12.5%) for males and 9.6% (95% CI, 7.7%-11.9%) for females and there was no significant sex difference in the prevalence of PsA (P = 0.38). Of the 252 PsA patients, 125 (49.6%, 95% CI, 41.3%-59.1%) were newly diagnosed by rheumatologists. Consequently, the prevalence of undiagnosed PsA among psoriasis patients was 5.2% (95% CI, 4.4%-6.2%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of PsA in the Chinese population with psoriasis is about 10.4%, which is almost double that of previous reports in the Chinese population, but lower than that in Caucasians.

Sequential multi-parametric MRI in assessment of the histological subtype and features in the malignant pleural mesothelioma xenografts.

Objective: It is still a challenge to find a noninvasive technique to distinguish the histological subtypes of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and characterize the development of related histological features. We investigated the potential value of multiparametric MRI in the assessment of the histological subtype and development of histologic features in the MPM xenograft model. Methods: MPM xenograft models were developed by injecting tumour cells into the right axillary space of nude mice. The T1, T2, R2*, T2*, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) at 14 d, 28 d, and 42 d were measured and compared between the epithelial and biphasic MPM. Correlations between multiparametric MRI parameters and histologic features, including necrotic fraction (NF) and microvessel density (MVD), were analysed. Results: This study found that T2, T2* and IVIM-DWI parameters can reflect the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of MPM. Compared to the epithelial MPM, T2 and T2* were higher and ADC, D, D*, and f were lower in the biphasic MPM (P < 0.05). MRI parameters were different in different stages of epithelial and biphasic MPM. Moderate correlations were found between ADC and tumor volume and NF in the epithelial MPM, and there was a correlation between f and tumor volume and NF and MVD in the two groups. Conclusion: MRI parameters changed with tumor progression in a xenograft model of MPM. MRI parameters may provide useful biomarkers for evaluating the histological subtype and histological features development of MPM.

Decreased Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in a Novel MvdF250S/+ Knock-In Mouse Model.

The mevalonate-diphosphate decarboxylase (MVD) gene, a member of the mevalonate pathway, plays a critical role in regulating the biosynthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, and non-steroid isoprenoids. Previous studies have suggested that the MVD c.746 T > C mutation is a major pathogenic gene of porokeratosis (PK), an autoinflammatory keratinization disease (AIKD) with unclear pathogenesis, few effective treatments, and no suitable animal model. To investigate the function of MvdF250S/+ mutation, we developed a novel MvdF250S/+ mouse model carrying an equivalent point mutation to the most common genetic variation among Chinese PK patients (MVDF249S/+) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which exhibited reduced cutaneous expression of Mvd protein. In the absence of external stimulation, MvdF250S/+ mice did not display specific phenotypes. However, upon induction with imiquimod (IMQ), MvdF250S/+ mice exhibited decreased susceptibility to skin acute inflammation compared to wild-type (WT) mice, as evidenced by reduced cutaneous proliferation and lower protein levels of IL-17a and IL-1ß. Additionally, after IMQ induction, the MvdF250S/+mice exhibited downregulated collagen generation and upregulated expression of Fabp3 compared to WT mice, whereas no significant changes in the key genes related to cholesterol regulation were found. Furthermore, the MvdF250S/+ mutation activated autophagy. Our findings provided insights into the biological function of MVD in the skin.

Effect of Dietary Supplemented with Mulberry Leaf Powder on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites, Antioxidant Property and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets.

Background: The study aimed to explore the effect of mulberry leaf powder (MP) on the performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant property, as well as intestinal health, of weaned piglets. A total of 120 healthy piglets weighing 8.43 ± 1.91 kg (Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire); weaned at 28 d) were chosen and classified into four treatments with three replicates of 10 piglets each based on a randomized complete block design (barrow:gilt = 1:1). The diet treatments were a corn-soybean meal basal diet added with 0% (Ctrl), 2% (MP_2), 4% (MP_4) and 6% MP (MP_6), respectively. The feeding experiment was 28 days in total. The feeding period lasted for 28 days in total. Results: The diet supplemented with 2% MP had no detrimental effects on the growth performance, immunity, enzyme capacity and inflammatory factors, as well as intestinal barrier function. MP_2 is capable of decreasing the levels of serum D-lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase, enhancing the superoxide dismutase capacity in the liver and diminishing the potential pathogenic bacteria Allisonella in the colon. However, compared with MP_2, MP_6 had unfavorable effects on the average daily gain and average daily feed intake; the concentration of serum non-esterified fatty acids; the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the capacity of lipase and amylase, as well as the intestinal barrier function-related mRNA expression of occludin, claudin-1 and mucin-2 in piglets. Conclusion: Taken together, piglets fed with 2% MP had no adverse effect and was capable of improving the serum metabolites, enhancing the antioxidant capacity (SOD) and lowering the potential pathogenic bacteria of the hindgut (Allisonella). However, the highest concentration of MP (6%) may cause detrimental effects for piglets, which are probably associated with the higher antinutritional factors and fiber. Therefore, the dietary supplementation of 2% MP for piglets may be advisable.